Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, one of the most common elective surgical procedures, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for patients with gallbladder diseases.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on Renal function Tests among patients undergoing the surgery in Ali Ibn Abi Taleb Hospital in Zahedan (South east of Iran).

Methods: Following a quasi-experimental design, 21 cases scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy for whatever reasons at Ali Ibn Abi Taleb Hospital in Zahedan (Iran) were selected. To study the serum levels Renal function Tests, blood samples were collected at three stages, i.e., before the surgery (time point 1), 30 minutes after pumping the carbon dioxide gas into the abdomen (time point 2), and 30 minutes after removing the last port from the abdomen (time point 3). Data were analyzed using repeated measures.

Results: According to the findings, laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery only had a significant effect on the BUN at the 99% confidence level. Also, BUN was increased and significantly differed at time points 2 (30 minutes after pumping) and 3 (30 minutes after removing the port) compared to time point 1 (30 minutes before the surgery).

Conclusions: Generally, it can be argued that despite observing some variations in the BUN test during the laparoscopic surgery, the Cr level did not change. Hence, it can be considered as a safe surgical intervention for renal functions.

Background: Patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may suffer from joint deformity, due to the inflammatory process in active disease. Inflammation may lead to disability in patients with RA. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been emerged as markers of many inflammatory diseases including RA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of NLR and PLR ratios in the evaluation of RA activity and their relation with DAS-28 that is already used for the assessment of RA disease activity.

Our patients were divided into group A (patients with active disease, DAS-28 > 2.6) and group B (patients with remission, DAS-28 < 2.6). The patients with active disease were subdivided into three subgroups (patients with high disease activity with DAS-28 > 5.1, moderate disease activity patients with DAS-28 > 3.2, and low disease activity patients with DAS-28 <3.2 and >2.6).

Results: NLR and PLR are significantly higher in patients with RA than in healthy people and higher in patients with active disease than those in remission and significantly positively correlated with RA activity.

Conclusion: Both NLR and PLR are two inflammatory markers that are useful in evaluating RA disease activity as they are simple, cheap, and objective markers.

100 samples were taken from people infected with Covid 19 virus, where the infection was diagnosed by taking nasal samples using special sterile cotton swabs, then the infection was confirmed using a PCR machine. After confirming the infection, 52 samples were taken from males (52%) and 48 samples from females (48%) of different ages, in general, the results showed that 78% of the infected people had an increase in CRP and 46% of the infected people had an increase in D. dimer above the normal level While 36% had an increased LDH. Then the levels of LDH, D. dimer and CRP were measured using the Vitec device, the results showed that the patients aged over 50 years in both sexes were more affected by the infection than the patients aged less than 50 years, as they showed that the percentage of infection severity was in the elderly more and that the percentage of infection was more High levels of LDH, D. dimer and CRP in males were more than females and this may be affected by sex hormones

This study investigates how silver nanoparticles develop and how they might be used as an antibacterial agent to prevent and treat wound infections. The reduction procedure was used to create silver nanoparticles—sodium citrate functions as both a lowering and a stabilizing agent. The properties of the liquid silver nanoparticles were then examined using a UV-Vis Spectrometer, a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). UV-Vis studies show that nanoparticles produced with 1% sodium citrate are the most stable. PSA and XRD analyses reveal that the smallest silver nanoparticles are approximately 8 nm, with an average size of approximately 30.2nm. According to TEM examination, silver nanoparticles with an FCC crystal structure. In studies, pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus were employed to assess how successfully the washing process inhibited bacterial growth. The quantitative research demonstrates that increasing the soaking period to 36 hours kills all germs and results in a 100% reduction. The best time to soak wound therapy linen in synthetic silver nanoparticles was 36 hours.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, which was originally described as chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis is an autoinflammatory bone disorder of idiopathic origin affecting the metaphyseal portion of long bones at multiple sites. This disease entity, which was previously considered to be rare; is now showing a higher incidence according to recent studies. The disease affects children in the age range of 8-11 years and affects females more than males. It is characterized by clinical symptoms persisting more than six months with remissions and episodic exacerbations. Here we present a case of a 12- and half year-old girl who had multiple painful swellings with tenderness in her extremities and clavicle over a 4-year period which exacerbated over the last 18 months prior to diagnosis.

Background: Complete left bundle branch in acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation is not common, but known as a sign of poor prognosis.

Several international studies had reported its incidence and related mortality, but its epidemiological data is lacking in Algeria.

Aims: The main objective of our study is the determination of the frequency of complete left bundle branch block in acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation, the secondary objective was the analysis of its predictive factors and related mortality.

Methods and materials:  In this prospective study, conducted in the cardiology department of Hussein Dey hospital (Algiers-Algeria), 467 patients with acute coronary syndrome with elevated ST segment (87 women and 380 men) were enrolled between 28 February 2014 and 16 July 2015. The average age is 60 ± 13 years; at admission, a Holter recorder was attached for continuous ECG monitoring during 48 hours.

Kruskal’s ANNOVA or H tests were used for comparison of quantitative variables, χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, were used for qualitative variables, all tests were performed with 1^st species risk of 5%.

Results:  The frequency of complete left bundle brunch block is 1.7 % (8 patients), CI 95%: [0.5%-2.9%], multivariate analysis identified the two independent predictors: diabetes type 1, and Angiotensin Receptor-Blockers as current treatment.

Despite the risk of mortality expressed by Hazard Ration (HR) is 4.7, but remains not significant: CI95%: [0.62-36], p = 0.134; however, the risk of ventricular fibrillation occurrence is high, with relative risk (RR) at 7.17, CI 95 %: [2.70-19.03], p = 0.007.

Conclusion: Complete left bundle brunch block is not common in acute coronary syndrome with elevated ST segment, its predictive factors according to our study are: Diabetes type 1 and Angiotensin Receptor-Blockers as current treatment.

The high-risk mortality in the left bundle brunch block group isn’t significant; however the risk of ventricular fibrillation occurrence is high.

Study Design: A literature review was conducted in order to provide an overview of the effect of exercise therapy for office workers with chronic Non-specific low back pain. Review provides a summary of large bodies of evidence and reviews help to explain differences among studies.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review exercises therapy for office workers with chronic nonspecific low back pain treatment.

Background: Low back pain is a common syndrome that causes disability and absence from work. Although there are several causes, the most common type of back pain is nonspecific. Exercises are often used to treat back pain, but there is controversy regarding its effectiveness. Exercise therapy is widely used as an intervention in low back pain. Low back pain is defined as discomfort that develops above the posterior glutelines and below the costal edge of the final ribs, with or without lower limb pain(1).Between 60 and 85% of people experience it at some point throughout their lives(2).

Methods: Search strategy: Relevant articles were identified by engines such as SCIENCE DIRECT, PUBMED, GOOGLESCHOLAR, and COCHRANE DATA BASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (www.cochrane.org), and CINALE.Website like physiopedia (www.physiopedia.com) was searched and published texts were `also reviewed in these studies.

Background: Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face a significantly higher mortality risk compared to the general population, primarily due to elevated rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Detecting cardiovascular disease at its preclinical stage is essential for effective primary prevention in this relatively young population. This study aims to assess the link between steno-risk and subclinical atherosclerotic disease, as detected by the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI), in T1D patients and determine the prevalence of these abnormalities among them.

Methods: A cohort of 312 adults with T1D (151 males and 161 females, mean age 31 ± 12 years) was examined. Patients were categorized based on their ABI values (ABI < 0.9 indicating peripheral arterial disease (PAD), ABI ≥ 1.3 indicating arterial calcification (AC), and ABI between 0.9 and 1.3 indicating normal ABI). The study analyzed the relationship between ABI anomalies and cardiovascular risk factors and their association with the steno-risk category.

Results: Among the patients, 138 (44.2%) had a normal ABI, 112 (35.9%) had PAD, and 62 (19.9%) had AC. AC was more prevalent in men than in women (p = 0.006). A family history of stroke was common in both the PAD and AC groups (p = 0.042 and p = 0.046, respectively). Patients with AC were often older (36 ± 13 vs. 30 ± 12; P = .012), had a longer duration of diabetes (20 ± 11 vs. 14 ± 9; P < 0.001), a higher prevalence of hypertension (25.8% vs. 14.5%, P = 0.05), and a higher prevalence of smoking (19.3% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.046). A higher number of subjects with AC were found in the Steno-Risk 10–20% and Steno-Risk ≥20% categories compared to the Steno-Risk < 10% (37.5 vs. 15.5; 29 vs. 15.5, p = 0.0106, respectively).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that an ABI > 1.30 is more common in older patients with type 1 diabetes and is associated with a longer duration of diabetes, male gender, smoking, hypertension, and a family history of stroke. Furthermore, an ABI > 1.30, indicating arterial calcification, is significantly linked to moderate and high cardiovascular risk assessed by steno-risk in patients with type 1 diabetes. The ABI may serve as a straightforward tool for screening atherosclerosis in T1D.

Systemic hypertension is a global public health problem. It affects all parts of the population. In Algeria, according to the TAHINA ¹ study, high blood pressure is the most common chronic pathology (24.8%). Despite numerous recommendations from learned societies ^2.3.4.5 and the existence of effective therapies, a high percentage of patients remains uncontrolled ^6.7.8. Our work aimed to study the clinical profile of hypertensives who presented to our cardiology consultation at the EPH in Laghouat. This is a longitudinal observational study running from October 2022 to June 2023. We collected 560 patients during daily consultations, lasting 10 months.

The results made it possible to describe the present risk factors, dietary habits and socioeconomic conditions.

Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are prevalent throughout the world and represent a real public health problem. The prevalence of T2DM ranges from 6.9% to 10.2% in developed countries and more than 7% in developing countries.

Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The concomitant presence of cancer and acute coronary syndrome is not uncommon, ranging from 1.9% to 4.2%. We report our experience in a patient suffering from an acute coronary syndrome treated by medical treatment where the use of anticoagulants caused rectal bleeding revealing rectal cancer.

Chronic heart failure is associated with a nutritional syndrome which is often complicated by a state of cachexia. This nutritional syndrome plays a pejorative role. When obesity is moderate, it has favorable consequences on morbidity and mortality. Nutritional syndrome results directly from two processes linked to the development of heart failure. The first results in a neuroendocrine disruption which leads to a reduction in anabolic factors and an increase in catabolizing factors, resulting in a hypercatabolic state and leading to cachexia. The second is the reduction of caloric consumption and absorption with a decrease in energy production and an increase in demand. Specific dietary intakes or supplements have been carried out with some success, but a consensus remains to be established.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition of the coronary arteries that supply the heart. It is a narrowing of one or more coronary arteries. It is caused by atherosclerosis which is due to the action of fatty deposits of cholesterol. When blood flow is slowed by a blocked artery, the myocardium is no longer properly oxygenated. Coronary heart disease represents a major socio-economic challenge. In addition to genetics, the main risk factors for coronary heart disease are lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol abuse and poor diet. The mortality rate linked to CD in the world and in Algeria is 34%. Our study involved 40 patients taken at random. It was carried out by collecting biological, clinical and anthropometric data collected during consultations. Our objective was to show the benefit of diet in the prevention of modifiable risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol) and compare our results with those found in the literature.

Preventive nutrition in cardiology has a bright future ahead of it, as there is abundant data to justify its importance in secondary prevention. Practitioners must appropriate these simple data to meet patients' expectations. Our work consisted in showing the interest of nutrition and moderate physical activity in the secondary prevention of risk factors of coronary disease after coronary bypass surgery. Our study included 20 patients, all of whom were operated on according to the same therapeutic protocol.

We will also review the effects of several nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns.

The results found are correlated with those found in the literature. The Mediterranean diet has accumulated the most evidence. The challenge is to change patients' habits, but this depends in part on the conviction and motivation of doctors. 

Background: Small vessel vascular disease can present as different entities including lacunar infarctions. Dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome is the rarest classic lacunar syndrome, this syndrome is described as the combination of dysarthria with clumsiness of the hand, manifested as slowing in fine manipulation, difficulty in writing, along with hesitant ataxia in the finger-nose test that differed from the cerebellar type.

Clinical case: A 59-year-old female attended the continuous admission service due to acute neurological deterioration characterized by dysarthria and right hemiparesis, performing a neurological physical examination where moderate dysarthria was evident, slight deviation of the left labial commissure, decreased strength in the right upper extremity, latero drive of the march to the right, in angiotomographic study it was reported absence of flow in left perforating artery,  Diagnosis of lacunar ischemic vascular event, dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome.

Conclusions: Dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome is a rare syndrome with a good prognosis, however, as first contact physicians we must be prepared for the different variants of cerebrovascular disease that may present to the emergency area, never delaying the diagnosis with a view to early treatment to limit the damage.

A 3-month-old infant presented to our clinic with heart failure secondary to an abnormal communication between the descending aorta and the right atrium. The anomaly was successfully closed via cardiac catheterization using an ADO II AS 5/6 AGA Occluder. Subsequent follow-up revealed relief of symptomatology.

Aim: In this study, an open-access dataset of RNAseq data from proggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) samples and matched normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) samples was used to identify genetic alterations that play a role in the development of MS, the prevalence is on the rise in both industrialized and emerging nations.

Material and methods: The dataset utilized in this investigation comprises nine samples of lesions and corresponding samples of NAWM tissue. The gene expression analysis was conducted on the dataset using the limma package in the R programming language. The clusterProfiler software was utilized to do enrichment analysis.

Results: 493 genes showed different up- or down-regulation in lesion tissues compared to NAWM tissues. According to the results of the enrichment analysis with these genes, the processes that play a role in progressive MS cancer are intracelluler anatomical structure, membrane bounded organelle, non-membrane bounded organelle, intracelluler non-membrane bounded organelle.

Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that the genetic structure of progressive MS tissues (lesion) changes compared to NAWM tissues, with the information obtained from gene expression analysis and enrichment analysis. It might be argued that the therapeutic efficacy of the disease can be enhanced by the comprehensive and diverse analysis of biomarkers.

Background: Acute leukemia is a rare malignant disorder arising from an abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic precursor cells. With advances in the management of leukemia, patients of acute leukemia have high chances of achieving adequate remission and survival. However, due to late presentation, diagnosis and treatment, the disease has significantly contributed to high morbidity and mortality especially in resource limited settings.

Method: A comprehensive history and physical examination was taken, coupled with literature review. Various rationale for each intervention and recommended interventions unavailable in our setting were noted.

Results: Early diagnosis and treatment of leukemia and its complications is a major public health concern for which the general public needs to be educated on. In this case report, material and human resource constraints in our setting may contribute towards the patient’s poor clinical outcome.

Conclusion and recommendations: Acute leukemia is a manageable disorder provided the availability of appropriate resources and interventions being implemented early. There is therefore need to equip our health facilities and personnel with resources towards early clinical detection, diagnosis and treatment which measures are essential for successful management and prevention of unwanted complications.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) has emerged as a cornerstone in the modern nursing. It is a systematic approach that integrates the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to inform and guide nursing practice. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of evidence-based practice in nursing, including its concept, key principles, implementation strategies, and impact on patient outcomes. Furthermore, it explores the challenges and barriers to implementing EBP in nursing and offers recommendations for its successful integration into clinical settings.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to present histological profile of both benign breast tumors (BBT) and breast cancer (BC) in our setting and highlight age trends in the occurrence of BBT.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the surgical oncology unit of the Dalal Jamm University Hospital from January to July 2023. Dalal Jamm University Hospital is a teaching hospital based in Dakar, Senegal.

Results: The median age was 45 years for BC and 31.5 years for BBT. The main histological types of BC were invasive ductal carcinoma (93.2%) and invasive lobular carcinoma (4.5%) whereas it was fibroadenoma (66.6%) for BBT. Fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor was more common in adolescents and under 40 years (p = 0.046) old while fibrocystic changes were more prevalent during perimenopause (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Invasive ductal carcinoma and fibroadenoma are the most common breast tumors in sub-Saharan African setting. Fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor are more prevalent in adolescents and under 40 years while fibrocystic changes occur most within the fourth and fifth decades of life.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the leading cause of hospital visits worldwide, significantly impacting patients with underlying illnesses. To effectively manage UTIs, it is essential to understand the causes of these conditions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTIs and identify the contributing factors among adult patients attending Bost University Hospital (BUH). A cross-sectional study involved 1768 patients from the internal medicine department at BUH. Among these patients, 125 (7.07% of total visitors) were diagnosed with UTIs, 108 of whom were interviewed.

The findings revealed that 57 of 108 patients (52.7%) experienced recurrent UTIs. Most diagnosed UTI patients were female (77.7%), and 92 of the 108 participants were married. The participants reported various signs and symptoms, including burning, dysuria, fever, frequency, abdominal pain, cloudy urine, urgency, chills, dribbling, and blood in urine.

The outcomes of this study will provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and public health organizations seeking to address the factors contributing to UTIs. However, it is essential to acknowledge the study's limitations, such as the relatively small sample size and the fact that it was conducted exclusively among patients visiting the outpatient department of BUH's internal medicine department. Although these findings may not represent the general population, they are a starting point for further research.