Introduction: The proper awareness and education programme improves patient’s knowledge, while changing attitude, leading good practices and improving health-related quality of life. This study purposes evaluated the health education programme results for type 2 diabetes on the health-related quality of life, knowledge, attitude, and practices.

Method: 85 type 2 diabetes diagnosed over six months and aged 35-65 were included the study. Vietnamese Diabetes Quality of Life and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices questionnaires were used to assess the health-related quality of life and knowledge, attitude, and practices of type 2 diabetes. The education tool was a brochure containing the information diabetes. Descriptive statistics were used for the quantitative data. Qualitative data displayed in numbers and percentages. The changes of the programme results tested by Pair Sample T-test.

Results: 85 patients had an average age of 57.14 ± 6.413 years. All participants had little type 2 diabetic knowledge 37.882 ± 12.639 points. Meanwhile, the patient' s attitude toward disease was average 65.971 ± 19.488 points. However, the patient’s practices were low 52.120 ± 14.150 points. Moreover, their health-related quality of life was low 51.216 ± 19.125 points, however, it improved significantly after 6 months -34.518. Also, there has been significant improvement of the knowledge (6,212), attitude (9.494) and practices (4.771).

Conclusion: The health-related quality of life of type 2 diabetes lowed level, but it changed significantly after participating programme. The patient' s knowledge lowed, the attitude toward disease moderated and the self-care practice lowed, but these problems changed markedly after attending education.

The emergence of skincare trends among Generation Alpha has introduced children to beauty regimens at an unprecedentedly young age, largely influenced by social media and adult-targeted marketing. While fostering self-care awareness, this phenomenon raises critical concerns about the safety and appropriateness of such practices for developing skin and overall health. This study investigates the potential health implications of using adult-oriented skincare and cosmetic products, focusing on risks such as hormonal disruptions, allergic reactions, and long-term exposure to harmful ingredients like parabens, phthalates, and formaldehyde. Additionally, the increasing popularity of nail art among children is examined, with attention to the dangers of UV exposure and chemical toxicity. The article advocates for child-friendly, natural alternatives and emphasizes the role of parents, educators, and industry stakeholders in promoting safer practices. By addressing these concerns and fostering sustainable habits, we can protect the health and well-being of future generations while encouraging age-appropriate self-care.          

Fatty acids were isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala, a legume, with petroleum ether. The fatty acids were analyzed using HPLC and were determined to comprise 48.9% Hexadecanoic acid, 2.3% Heptadecanoic acid, 13.7% Octadecanoic acid, and 2.8% Tetradecanoic acid. The current investigation demonstrated that the fatty acids extracted from the seeds of Peganum harmala are more advantageous. The current study's data revealed significant differences p<0.05 across various doses of the petroleum ether oil extract of Peganum harmala and differing exposure durations. The study's findings indicated that the 4 mg/dl dose of the oil extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against Leishmania tropica at 24 h  22.50 ± 1.04, 48 h 41.50 ± 1.19, 72 h 64.75 ± 2.66, and 96 h 101.25 ± 0.25. Conversely, the lowest inhibitory dose of 1 mg/dl was recorded at 24 h 66.00 ± 2.20, 48 h 108.75 ± 1.65, 72 h 154.50 ± 1.71, and 96 h 207.00 ± 1.91, in comparison to the control groups 75.25 ± 0.85, 156.00 ± 1.83, 320.00 ± 2.16, 522.50 ± 9.31respectively.

Fatty acids exhibited a beneficial effect in suppressing the proliferation of the Leishmaniasis cutanea parasite, namely Leishmania tropica promastigotes, ex vivo.

This research presents a possible alternative to pharmaceutical substances, such as streptolyticum, utilized in treating the parasite responsible for cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

This study concludes that fatty acids extracted from harmful plant seeds enhance the parasiticidal efficacy with increasing concentration, and prolonged treatment duration correlates with a more significant percentage of parasite elimination.

Cholecystoduodenal fistula (CDF) is a rare and complex complication of chronic cholecystitis and gallstone disease, characterized by an abnormal communication between the gallbladder and duodenum. This report presents the case of a 31-year-old male who presented with right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and jaundice. Imaging studies confirmed a scleroatrophic gallbladder and a CFD. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with partial gallbladder excision, and the fistula was successfully repaired with laparoscopic techniques, including clip application and intracorporeal suturing to invaginate the defect. This case underscores the importance of advanced laparoscopic skills and multidisciplinary approaches in managing complex biliary pathologies.

Background: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a serious condition used to describe the signs and symptoms of patients with compressive neuropathy of multiple lumbar and sacral roots, though in rare cases no compression was discovered, and probably the pathology is related to ischemic changes, this syndrome is well known as an indication for urgent lumbar surgery. It is very rarely seen after surgery, in this study the authors described 10 cases of CES that occurred following uneventful lumbar spine procedures, all had open lumbar decompression.

Patients and methods: Preoperative, operative and post-operative management will be discussed. Special emphasis on the high index of suspicion and the value of MRI as a diagnostic procedure. The age range between 35 to 70 years, six were female and four were males, six had decompression for lumbar canal stenosis, four had CES following lumbar discectomy.

Eight had urgent decompression after CES while two were treated conservatively. All presented with cardinal clinical features of CES, in seven patients it was complete while in three patients it was incomplete. The relevant literatures were reviewed.

Conclusion: High index of suspicion is required for early detection of postoperative CES Special surgical technique may reduce the incidence of this syndrome. Wide lumbar decompression or other procedures is urgently required when there is positive MRI findings of compression. Full recovery is not always possible.

Post operative cauda equina syndrome can be defined as a rare but serious complication that can occur typically after spinal surgery. It involves the compression and/or ischemic changes to the cauda equina which can lead to severe neurological deficits.

This is a comprehensive review aiming to identify what current literature concluded regarding common and uncommon causes of post operative CES, commonly used treatment methods, and the outcome of post operative cauda equina syndrome in addition to the role of early detection and management of CES and whether there are intraoperative predictors for post-operative CES or not.

Thirty-one studies were included in this review. aiming to comprehensivley analyse this devastating postoperative complication.

Burnout among healthcare professionals (HCPs) during emergencies such as pandemics or wars is a significant concern, driven by excessive workloads, resource limitations, and psychological distress. While staffing shortages make it impossible to increase personnel in these situations, innovative solutions like AI assistants, stress and symptom trackers, mindfulness tools, and volunteer-based support systems can alleviate stress and improve outcomes. This article explores the causes and impacts of burnout, evidence-based prevention strategies, and the role of technology and supportive policies in fostering resilience among HCPs.

Background: Mitral valve aneurysms (MVAs) are uncommon conditions frequently associated with aortic valve endocarditis. They may be complicated by perforation and severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Optimal treatment of MVA, and in particular the best timing for surgery, are uncertain.

Case Presentation: We report three cases of MVAs complicating aortic valve endocarditis:

Case 1: A 56-year-old male with acute pulmonary edema secondary to severe aortic and mitral regurgitation underwent emergency double valve replacement. Despite initial postoperative stability, he later succumbed to complications.

Case 2: A 33-year-old female developed severe regurgitation of both valves and multiple cerebral infarctions post-febrile illness. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, her double valve replacement was delayed, but she recovered well after surgery.

Case 3: A 41-year-old male, initially evaluated for renal transplant, was incidentally found to have severe aortic regurgitation and MVA. He successfully underwent elective aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair.

Details: The first patient had Severe AR and MR, presented with pulmonary edema, and underwent double valve replacement. The second patient had a prolonged course of relapsing and remitting fever for one and half years which was initially treated by broad-spectrum antibiotics, complicated by CVA, had severe MR and AR, and underwent double valve replacement. The third patient had unexplained pulmonary edema even after regular dialysis and as a pre-operative check-up had AV endocarditis with MVA causing severe AR and MR   and underwent AVR with MV repair. All patients had mechanical valves for replacement and MV repair by pericardial patch.

Conclusions: MVAs are infrequent but potentially severe complications of AV endocarditis. In the absence of definite treatment indications, the correct time for surgery should depend on concomitant clinical and infective features.

Introduction: Bilateral amputation refers to the surgical removal of more than one limb, either both lower extremity or both upper extremities. Blood transfusion is often not predictable, however, a correlation between admission PCV and transfusion requirements may provide valuable insight for clinical decision-making in similar cases.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent bilateral amputations following traumatic injuries. The study examined demographic data, mechanisms of injury, clinical interventions, complications, and outcomes. Patient records were comprehensively reviewed for clinical parameters from admission through discharge.

Results: The study population comprised of six patients with an equal distribution across age groups (young adults, middle-aged, and elderly). Males constituted 66.7% of cases. Road traffic accidents were the predominant cause (50%), followed by electrical burns (33.3%) and flame burns (16.7%). Bilateral above knee amputation (BKA) was the most common procedure (66.7%). The survival rate was 83.3%, with one mortality. Complications included Surgical Site Infection and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in two cases. Hospital stays ranged from 14-21 days. Blood transfusion was necessary in 66.7% of cases and Pearson correlation coefficient (-0.722) was observed between admission Packed Cell Volume and blood transfusion requirements.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that bilateral amputations predominantly affect males and resulted mainly from road traffic accidents. Despite the severity of injuries, favorable outcomes were achieved in most cases. The findings highlight the importance of early hematological intervention and comprehensive post-operative care. There was a strong negative correlation between admission PCV and blood transfusion requirements.