Background: Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (DPVNS) of the knee is a difficult tumor to eradicate, the gold standard treatment has traditionally been surgical excision with total synovectomy of the affected joint, either with an open or arthroscopic approach. In this study, we are focusing on arthroscopic surgical synovectomy.

Objectives: Aimed to study the outcome of arthroscopic synovectomy for diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee in Haj Alsafi Teaching Hospital.

Methodology: Observational retrospective hospital-based study, performed in the Orthopedic Department, 12 patients (8 males and 4 females) with the diffuse form of PVNS of the knee were enrolled in the study after qualification. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and post-surgical histo-pathological examination. All patients underwent complete synovectomy through standard anterior, medial and lateral, then medial, lateral suprapatellar and posteromedial portals. Each patient was evaluated before and after treatment and followed up for a minimum of 18 months (range: 18 – 54 months) using the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score.

Results: The average age group of patients was (9–63years) with male predominance (66.7 %). Left knee more frequently affected(58.3%). None of the study participants had previous surgical history 100%. Both Lysholm and IKDC scores were significantly improved in all study participants. Regarding paired sample statistics, the mean for the score preoperatively and postoperatively was improved from 54.9 to77.9.Recurrence reported in one participant (8.3%). There was a statistical association between pre and post-operative LYSHOLM and IKDC scores and recurrence, hence p-value =0.000.

Conclusion: Arthroscopic synovectomy is an appropriate treatment for knee DPVNS with agood clinical and functional outcome and with a low recurrence rate.

COVID-19 is the extreme smash of the present-day century that emaciated fitness, financial system, and ordinary life. This research assessed the condition and relation of tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2 from July to December 2021. The research plan was carried out from July 1 to December 31, 2021 (N=184 days) to state the position of Bangladesh towards widespread COVID-19. The total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths from July to December 2021 was 4850322, 672707, 732460, and 13577, respectively. The maximum COVID-19 tests were performed at 55284.00 while the lowest was 11486.00 from July to December 2021. The maximum COVID-19 infestations were performed at 16230.00 while the lowest was 122.00 from July to December 2021. The maximum COVID-19 recovered was 16627.00 while the lowest was 122.00 from July to December 2021. The maximum COVID-19 death was 264.00 while the lowest was 0 from July to December 2021. In the 0.01 level of the two-tailed Spearman, the relationship was positive to moderate to strong, and the total number was n=184. The mean Spearman correlation for tests was 0.823 (range 0.861to 0.758), for infested was 0.91 (range 0.948 to 0.861), for recovered was 0.90 (range 0.948 to 0.822), for death was 0.87 (range 0.929 to 0.785). This research additionally showed a moderate to the strong relationship between tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has spread out unexpectedly to 64 districts in Bangladesh. The persevering with the occurrence of COVID-19 infections has emphasized the significance of the short and accurate and advanced 118 laboratory diagnoses to restriction it unfolds. It is safer now because the vaccine controlled the infestation and death rate of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

The success of a restorative treatment in anterior teeth for a patient who lost dental aesthetic depends on the esthetic integration between soft tissues and hard tissues with less invasive procedure.  (1/2)

The present available case report describes the esthetic management of gummy smile, fractured incisor teeth and midline diastema with a multidisciplinary approach of different specialties from diagnosis to treatment planning.Ceramic veneers and crowns yielded a good aesthetic and functional outcome.

Background: Pycnodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, which is characterized by various skeletal malformations and distinctive facial characteristics. The disorder is caused by mutations in CTSK gene at chromosomal region 1q21, which encodes a lysosomal cysteine protease, cathepsin K.

Purpose: To describe the clinical, radiological, and molecular findings in a consanguineous Iranian family with 2 affected individuals demonstrating pycnodysostosis.

Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was utilized to detect disease-causing variants. To prove the impact of the identified variants, in silico analysis using SIFT and PROVEAN web servers were carried out. The effects of the novel mutation on the protein structure was evaluated by Chimera software using normal and mutated structures derived from SWISS model web server.

Results: We identified the novel homozygous mutation, c.830C>A, in exon 7 of the CTSK gene. This missense mutation leads to the substitution of the amino acid alanine at position 277 by glutamic acid (p.A277E) in cathepsin K protease. Sanger sequencing analysis confirmed this mutation in the affected individuals and revealed that the parents were heterozygous for this gene mutation. Bioinformatics databases and the variant’s protein structure proved the deleterious effect of this novel mutation on the enzymatic activity of cathepsin K protease.

In social sciences, the meta-analytical fixed effects models have gained special relevance due to their predictive capacity of a scenario, context and process, although they have focused on the estimation and prediction of simple variables, avoiding the effects of diffuse variables such as those emerging in processes Training and research. The objective of this work was to establish fixed effects models to explain the influence of diffuse variables in the formation of intellectual capital, considering contextual, educational, academic and professional variables. A retrospective study was conducted with literature from 2019 to 2022, as well as an exploratory study with variables that have been conceptualized, but not empirically tested and correlational with an intentional selection of six studies that used diffuse variables to explain attrition. The results show that the model with the greatest adjustment is the one where the emergence of anti-plagiarism software and new editorial provisions explain the dropout, although the research design limited the results to the study scenario, suggesting its extension and sophistication with other statistical techniques.

Antibiotics resistant capacity when pathogens are develops inhibition mechanisms in opposition to different antimicrobials that formerly sensitive. Different kinds of pathogens can advance resistance mechanisms or strategies via more than a few ways, such as natural or acquired. Innate resistance would be going on when pathogen can protects themselves from any drugs, this was once may be due to the capsules have low permeability to the pathogens. Additional reasons may be due to variations in the chemical compositio drug and the pathogens membrane structures. Acquired resistance potential the development of resistance of antibiotics that can be appear due to exceptional reasons, in this case the pathogen  can beforehand inclined the tablets but through procedure they advance resistance mechanisms. The plasmids transformation, transduction, conjugation and transposition are the most common ways in which bacteria or pathogen can strengthen the resistance mechanisms.