Abstract

Horseshoe kidney is the most common type of congenital renal fusion defect in children. The horseshoe kidney occurs in approximately 0.25% of the general population. Isolated horseshoe kidneys, which account for one-third of horseshoe kidneys, may be asymptomatic and go undiagnosed until adulthood. However, the presence of a horseshoe kidney in the pediatric population warrants further evaluation because the horseshoe kidney is frequently associated with other abnormalities: 78.9% including pyelourethral junction syndrome. In addition, the horseshoe kidney is associated with an increased rate of renal complications in adults, such as stones, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, trauma, infection, and tumors. Ureteropelvic junction syndrome is a disease that causes a failure of urine flow from the pelvis to the ureter. It is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in children. The diagnosis was made on the basis of symptoms, mainly pain and urinary tract infection, and required surgical treatment.