Background:  Vector-borne diseases pose a devastating obstacle to human health and overall economic development. It is responsible for 17% of all infectious diseases and more than 700000 deaths annually. Among vector borne diseases Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading with an incidence, increased 30 fold in the past 50 years.  Awareness regarding dengue and its control measures through health education is one of an important component of integrated vector management. It can bring down larval indices and thereby reduce the mosquito density, and bring down the morbidity and mortality caused by mosquito borne diseases. Hence an intervention study was undertaken to study the impact of health education on larval indices and fever cases in a rural field practice area of Thrissur district Kerala. 

Methodology: A quasi randomized control study was conducted from, January2019- March 2020 in ward 13 of Thrikkur Panchayath, Thrissur district. Total 960 households were surveyed for indoor and outdoor water holding containers and inspected for the presence of mosquito larvae. The larval indices like House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index(BI) were calculated as per the procedure of WHO. The total number of fever cases were collected from these households by an interview schedule.  Adult mosquitoes were also collected from the premises. Health education and demonstration classes on potential breeding sites of Aedes mosquito and methods of eliminating at household and community level were undertaken. Post intervention larval survey was also done.  

Results: Baseline larval indices showed that all the indices i.e HI : 13.09%, CI: 5.38% and BI: 15.4%  were high in the month of June and another peak of larval indices were seen in the month of November 2019 (HI:10%, CI : 7.3%, and BI :10%) Total number of self-reported fever cases were also high during the month of June (208) and July(195).  The post intervention larval indices showed a considerable reduction in Breteau index from 10% to 7.5% in the month of November 2019 and in the month of February before intervention the BI  was 10%  and after intervention in Feb 2020 BI came to 2.5% . 

Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in larval indices after an educational intervention. 

Cleidocranial dysostosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia that affects bones, especially the clavicles and the maxillofacial area due to the mutation of the CBFA1/ RUNX2 gene located in the 6p21 site, where genetic information that is responsible of bones and teeth formation may be found; this condition is also related to other mutations in other genes. A clinical, radiographic study is carried out to describe the behavior of cleidocranial dysostosis in a family taking also into account the pedigree of the affected family, four cases of a rare genetic syndromeis described where there is deformity with absence of clavicles and brachycephaly in 100 % of the patients. A lack of both clavicles and brachycephaly were the most common radiographic abnormalities found in four members of a family with a heritage pattern of adominant autonomic scale.

Abstract: For the COVID-19 outbreak, there are no specific drugs to treat or prevent patient deterioration and severe complications^[1]. When the outbreak occurred, TCM methods gained valuable experience in the prevention and treatment of C O V 1 D-19^[2]. In the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, the results of several clinical trials show that TCM plays an important role in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19^[3]. Many convalescent patients suffer with pain symptoms due to factors such as disease and complications.Psychotherapy, sports rehabilitation, TCM external application, fumigation, rubbing, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment have formed a unique rehabilitation and nursing plan for COVID-19 convalescent pain, which plays an important role in alleviating the convalescent pain of COVID-19 patients.

Introduction: Argininemia is an autosomal recessive uncommon metabolic condition, caused by mutations in arginase enzyme. Variable clinical symptoms of argininemia might bring about a delayed diagnosis. In order to prove an argininemia condition, a genetic test result is needed. This study aims to describe two cases of argininemia homozygote mutations.

Materials and Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was utilized to detect disease causing variants. To prove adverse impacts of a novel variant and in silico analysis, PROVEAN web server is chosen. The effects of the novel mutation on the enzyme’s structure are shown in Chimera software using normal and mutated structures derived from SWISS model web server.

Result: WES revealed two cases of autosomal recessive hyperargininemia. In one of the patients, a homozygous missense mutation of c.491G>A was detected, which is a novel ARG1 variant (p.Trp164Ter). Bioinformatics databases and the variant’s protein structure proved its deleterious effect on the enzyme’s function. The other patient was affected by a reported mutation of c.703G>A (p.G235R).

Conclusion: The presence of various types of neurological and metabolic disorders with the same clinical findings with argininemia might lead to a lack of early diagnosis for beginning efficacious treatments. WES provides these patients with the opportunity to become diagnosed and receive therapies as early as possible.

Given the COVID-19 virus epidemic and vaccination increment all around the world, after surveying the vaccination side effects it was clarified that 72.6% of individuals reported at least one symptom after the first and second injection of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine which pain at injection site, fever and myalgia/arthralgia were most common among these symptoms. Furthermore, most common severe side effects like fever > 39 °C were perceived more after the second dose of vaccine. In the study of identifying body’s physiologic changed, heart rate variability (HRV) decreased after the first dose and the second dose without having considerable changes in resting heart rate (RHR) and respiratory rate (RR) and the duration of sleep also declined up to 4 days of both vaccination doses. Plus, Local and systemic reactogenicity were more intense after the second dose. Following the COVID-19 vaccination, various allergic reactions also started to promote all around the countries, a questionnaire was adjusted in Toronto-Canada and 65 patients had PEG-ASNase allergy. Rapid reactions like anaphylaxis occur following the first dose of Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. In a study consisted of 175 individuals, 21 of them were afflicted with anaphylaxis and a number of 83 individuals experienced non-anaphylaxis allergic reactions but still further studies are required in order to identify the relation between anaphylaxis and COVID-19 vaccines. Disease background is an outstanding factor to intensify COVID-19 infection. In a research, a 40-year old woman who had experienced left peripheral facial nerve palsy 4 years ago and in another research 8 adolescents who visited Nicklaus Children’s Hospital with perimyocarditis within 4 days of receiving the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, were investigated in this context. In terms of gender and age relation, a study was carried out on German residents of Bavaria between Jan 9 to Apr 11, 2021 and, it was clarified that both doses of the BioNTech-Pfizer’s BNT162b2 are highly effective against the infection and adverse events of COVID-19 virus in elder people and according to another report, 82% of individuals experienced at least one symptom Following the first dose of Comirnaty vaccine which was more common in women under the age 55 (64%). In a study which was carried out among the workers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in order to identify the side effects of the Sputnik V vaccine, a number of 3236 individuals in the 19-78 age range with the mean age of 38 years old submitted their report. According to a research which was conducted in Bavaria, Germany, the mortality rate was considerably lower in individuals who had received vaccination in relation to not vaccinated individuals, however, 3 death cases were reported in individuals who suffered from comorbidities after receiving the Sputnik vaccine which was considered to be irrelevant to vaccination. A research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Robust antibody after the first and second dose in individuals aged between 70 and 90. From 99 individuals who received the first dose of their vaccination after 3 weeks the existence of Robust antibody was proven in 95% of them and from 86 individuals who received their vaccine’s second dose after 3 weeks, all of them showed a positive result in the test. Furthermore, in another study from 75% of old individuals who were vaccinated at least once, the first dose led into COVID-19 infection decrease and had an effectiveness of 52% in clinical experiments. According to another report, the antibody was observed in 92% of individuals 21 days after the first dose and also in 97% of them 21 days after the second dose it was concluded that Symptoms following vaccination are not unusual and they occur because of body’s immune system response.

The new coronavirus does not only attack the lungs;  The heart, kidneys, brain, arteries, nerves, and skin are other organs that have been shown to be affected by the new virus and their function.

 Much has been written about the fact that Covid 19 lung disease affects the lungs and airways the most.  Because the disease most commonly affects the lower respiratory tract, patients with moderate to severe disease, especially those with a dry cough, struggle with one of two problems:  They have trouble breathing or pneumonia.

 But articles show that the virus affects not only the lungs but also other organs such as the heart, brain, pancreas, liver, and bone.

Toxoplasma gondii is a forced intracellular parasite dominated by cats. In this article, by examining various tests and serological tests on different groups of wild mice (rats), we examine the effects of this parasite on different organs of the body, including the digestive system, heart, nervous system, genitals, hormones and also the immune system. Tests performed on adult and able-to-mate mice indicate the parasite's ability to change reproduce functions in males and the hormonal factors that affect it, females and their fetuses, and the sexual and asexual behaviors of mice. In some parts of this article, the effects of drugs such as nitric oxide acetylcholinesterase and glucocorticoids on this parasite are discussed.