This study aims to evaluate the reactive oxygen species ROS, enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidants and peroxidation of lipid biomarkers in diabetic patients in diabetic center of Merjan hospital city. The current study reveals that the concentration of reactive oxygen species, Malondialdehyde MDA, catalase CAT and glutathione S-transferase activities were appeared significant differences at P≤ 0.05 that increased in diabetic disorder when compared with patient without diabetic While the activity of superoxide dismutase, concentration of vitamin C and glutathione were revealed significant differences at  P ≤  0.05 which are decreased in patients when compare with healthy volunteers .

Background: Upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies constitute a major health problem globally. There is a paucity of published data regarding upper gastrointestinal tract malignancy in Yemen. This study aimed to assess prevalence of upper gastrointestinal tract malignancy among patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy done in Jiblah University Hospital and Almatary Medical Centre in Ibb Governorate, Yemen.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the complete records of 21148 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic evaluation between December 2005 and December 2023. Data were analyzed using SPPS version 26. Chi-square test was used to compare variables, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: Of 2148 patients who underwent endoscopic evaluation of the upper GI tract, 259 (12.1%) had upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies. The mean age of the patients was 64.98 years. Males represented 156 (60.2%) of the patients with upper gastrointestinal tract. Esophageal tumor was the most common tumor among the 100 (38.61%) upper GI gastrointestinal tract and was prevalent in male patients in their fifth decade of life. Adenocarcinoma 64 (69.6%) in this study was found more frequently in the age group 65-79 years with a male predominance.

Conclusion: Upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies remain a public health issue in Yemen and need urgent intervention from health authorities due to the increasing incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies in Yemen.

Edwardsiella tarda is a pathogen in aquatic animals and as an opportunistic pathogen for humans. This bacteria is known to cause gastroenteritis and wound infections. There is evidence to suggest that these microorganisms can be a public health problem, as well as a threat to other animals such as pigs and cows. There is a cathepsin H (CsCatH) homology of C. semilaevis, in the healthy palm of the tongue, transcriptional expression of CsCatH was detected in nine different tissues. Knockdown of CsCatH and CsCatB significantly increased Edwardsiella tarda-induced replication and reduced Edwardsiella tarda-induced apoptosis.  These findings reveal the importance of CsCatH and CsCatB in the anti-bacterial immunity of the tongue.  Subsequent studies suggest that the flagellin secreted from Edwardsiella tarda may be a responsible factor for macrophage stimulation activity. The virulence factors of these bacteria are the secretion system type III, type VI and other proteins. Edwardsiella tarda can be identified and characterized by agglutination test methods, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and fluorescent antibody techniques, real-time PCR, loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and multiplex nested PCR.

Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD) is a rare benign condition. It was first described by Rosai and Dorfman in the 1960s.  The etiology, pathogenesis and true frequency of the disease remain unknown.  The disease is characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes in the lymph nodes. Clinically, this enlargement of the lymph nodes must be distinguished from other infectious or malignant causes. Although it is often observed at early ages, in this study, a case of RDD detected in a 66-year-old male patient who came to the hematology outpatient clinic due to axillary swelling was presented. The patient is still being monitored without any symptoms,without treatment.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 is a primarily respiratory illness that can cause thrombotic disorders. Elevation of D-dimer is a potential biomarker for poor prognosis in COVID-19, though optimal cutoff value for D-dimer to predict mortality has not yet been established. This study aims to assess the accuracy of admission D-dimer in the prognosis of COVID-19 and to establish the optimal cutoff D-dimer value to predict hospital mortality.

Clinical and laboratory parameters and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted to four hospitals in Kathmandu were retrospectively analyzed. Admitted COVID-19 cases with recorded D-dimer and definitive outcomes were included consecutively. D-dimer was measured using immunofluorescence assay and reported in Fibrinogen Equivalent Unit (μg/ml). The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the accuracy of D-dimer in predicting mortality, and to calculate the optimal cutoff value, based on which patients were divided into two groups and predictive value of D-dimer for mortality was measured.

D-dimer levels were higher in COVID-19 patients and were related with markers of inflammation, and after treatments, D-dimer levels decreased which was synchronous with hsCRP levels in patients with good clinical prognosis. Also, the low correlation between Padua VTE score and D-dimer levels weakened the role of D-dimer in the prediction of thrombosis.The abnormal changes of D-dimer and inflammatory factors suggest that aggressive anticoagulant therapy might be needed.