Abstract

Background: Different studies have looked at the effect of periodontitis on chronic kidney disease but only few studies have evaluated the effect of severities of periodontitis on severities of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) especially among predialysis patients. This study revealed the association between the severities of periodontitis and severities of CKD among predialysis patients and findings from this study may be applied to the management of CKD especially among predialysis CKD patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 120 pre-dialysis CKD participants. Full periodontal examination was carried out on the participants and severities of periodontitis assessed using American Academy of Periodontology, 2005 Classification modified by Eke and Page 2012. The severity of CKD was grouped into 5 stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis, measures of central tendency, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Regression analysis was also done to adjust for confounders such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Mild Periodontitis participants had the highest mean eGFR (62.6ml/min/1.73m²) indicating better renal function while severe Periodontitis had the least mean eGFR (34.8ml/min/1.73m²). Participants with high sensitivity C-reactive protein hsCRP (hsCRP <1mg/L and hsCRP >3mg/L) had mean eGFR values of 58.7ml/min/1.73m² and 42.1ml/min/1.73m² respectively suggestive of worsening renal function with progression of periodontitis.

Conclusion: This study revealed that severities of periodontitis may have effect on the severities of CKD.