Clinical Medicine And Health Research Journal

Determining the Association Between Severities of Periodontitis and Chronic Kidney Disease Severities Among Pre-Dialysis Patients.

Olusoji A. Onabanjo — 2025-03-09

Background: Different studies have looked at the effect of periodontitis on chronic kidney disease but only few studies have evaluated the effect of severities of periodontitis on severities of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) especially among predialysis patients. This study revealed the association between the severities of periodontitis and severities of CKD among predialysis patients and findings from this study may be applied to the management of CKD especially among predialysis CKD patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 120 pre-dialysis CKD participants. Full periodontal examination was carried out on the participants and severities of periodontitis assessed using American Academy of Periodontology, 2005 Classification modified by Eke and Page 2012. The severity of CKD was grouped into 5 stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis, measures of central tendency, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Regression analysis was also done to adjust for confounders such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Mild Periodontitis participants had the highest mean eGFR (62.6ml/min/1.73m²) indicating better renal function while severe Periodontitis had the least mean eGFR (34.8ml/min/1.73m²). Participants with high sensitivity C-reactive protein hsCRP (hsCRP <1mg/L and hsCRP >3mg/L) had mean eGFR values of 58.7ml/min/1.73m² and 42.1ml/min/1.73m² respectively suggestive of worsening renal function with progression of periodontitis.

Conclusion: This study revealed that severities of periodontitis may have effect on the severities of CKD.

A Literature Review on Types of Questionnaires

Ahmad Khan MD, MSHs — 2025-03-09

In research, questionnaires are critical tools for various fields. Questionnaires help provide data collection in structured and organized forms to enhance data quality and quantity in research. In this literature review, we aim to dissect the different types of standard questionnaires in research. We explored their design characteristics and use in specific research contexts, and selectively analyzed relevant past studies to indicate insights into how different types of questionnaire designs optimize data quality, collection, and relevance, finally impacting research outcomes. Common categories of questionnaires in research, such as descriptive, analytical, and evaluative questionnaires, along with considerations for their construction, validation, and potential challenges during their application in the field are highlighted here. We have concluded our literature review by reflecting on the future potential of questionnaires in research designs in various disciplines.

Exploring the Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) In Type II Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Dipstick and Microscopic Methods

Aziz ur rehman — 2025-03-11

Background Knowledge: Diabetic patients at heightened risk for urinary and renal problems resulting from metabolic abnormalities. Urine dipstick examination is a quick and non-invasive diagnostic method often used to identify abnormalities in many clinical parameters, such as nitrites, protein concentrations, ketone bodies, and leukocyte esterase.

Aim: The study aims to examine the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Type II diabetes patients by comparing the diagnostic effectiveness of dipstick testing and microscopic analysis.

Material and Method: A cross-sectional research including 264 diabetes individuals was performed. Urine samples were evaluated via dipstick techniques to assess factors such as nitrites, protein concentrations, ketone bodies, leukocyte esterase, and other indicators. Statistical methods, such as Chi-Square tests and Spearman’s correlation, were used to assess connections between nitrites and other factors.

Result: Among the 264 patients, 48.5% were male and 51.5% were female, with ages ranging from 18 to over 61 years. Significant associations were observed between nitrites and clinical parameters such as protein levels (p < 0.001), ketone bodies (p < 0.001), and leukocyte esterase (p < 0.001). For instance, 78% of patients with negative nitrites showed normal protein levels, while 20.5% had trace levels. However, no significant associations were found between nitrites and demographic variables like gender (p = 0.936) or age (p = 0.257).

Conclusion: This research underscores the efficacy of urine dipstick examination in diabetic patients for identifying significant urinary abnormalities associated with nitrites. These results underscore the need of regular urine screening to successfully prevent or control problems in patients with diabetes.

Same Day Breast Surgery Under Thoracic Epidural

Sejal J Shah MD — 2025-03-14

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States. In patients undergoing breast surgery who have significant pulmonary or cardiac comorbidities, an alternative anesthetic technique to general anesthesia may be desirable. This case report demonstrates the successful administration of a thoracic epidural as the primary anesthetic in a patient undergoing same-day bilateral partial mastectomies.

Securing AI in Global Health Research: A Framework for Cross-Border Data Collaboration

Sabira Arefin — 2025-03-17

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming global health research by enabling advanced data analytics for disease modeling, clinical trials, and personalized medicine. However, cross-border data sharing introduces significant challenges related to security, ethics, and regulatory compliance, particularly concerning patient privacy, cybersecurity threats, and adherence to standards such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and emerging AI regulations. The increasing sophistication of cyber threats, coupled with inconsistent legal frameworks, underscores the urgent need for robust security measures.

This paper explores AI-enhanced security frameworks designed to facilitate secure and ethical global data collaboration while preserving data integrity, patient confidentiality, and equitable access to healthcare advancements. We propose a novel security model that integrates federated learning, blockchain technology, and AI-driven threat detection to mitigate risks associated with cross-border health data exchange. These technologies enable decentralized data processing, enhance security through immutable ledgers, and proactively identify cybersecurity threats in real time. Our approach is particularly relevant to rare disease research, drug development, and pandemic preparedness, where seamless yet secure international data sharing is crucial for advancing medical science while safeguarding sensitive patient information.

The Effectiveness of Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System in The Treatment in Premenopausal Age with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Sajidah al -Rubaai — 2025-03-18

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia is the abnormal proliferation of endometrial glands due to unopposed estrogen stimulation, often leading to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The condition is more common than endometrial cancer, particularly in women aged 40-45 for hyperplasia without atypia and 45- 55 for atypical hyperplasia. LNG-IUS reduces hyperplasia risk by differentiating epithelial cells and preventing estrogen-induced proliferation.

Aims of the study: To estimate the effectiveness of LNG-IUS in treating heavy menstrual bleeding in premenopausal women.

Subjects and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Basrah Maternity and Children Hospital and the private clinic of my supervisor during the period from 1^st of June 2023 to 1^st of September 2024. It involved 69 premenopausal women with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) treated with the LNG-IUS. Participants were screened for eligibility, underwent assessments, and were monitored for menstrual blood loss, side effects, and haemoglobin levels at 4, 12, and 24 weeks post-insertion.

Results: The study involved 66 premenopausal women using LNG-IUS, 83.0% of the studied patients with HMB who inserted mirena have marked improvement at the end of the study of 24 weeks post insertion. Median Pictorial blood assessment score chart (PBAC) scores significantly reduced from a pre-insertion score of 290 to 160 at 4 weeks, 85 after 12 weeks and 22 after 24 weeks (p < 0.001). Haemoglobin levels improved from 8.6 ± 0.4 to 10.9 ± 1.2 mg/dl, and serum ferritin rose from 23 ± 16.3 to 65 ± 20.3 ng/ml (both p < 0.001). Common side effects included withdrawal bleeding (31.8%) and vaginal discharge (25.7%).

Conclusion: The LNG-IUS significantly reduced menstrual blood loss, improved symptoms in 83% of women, and had a low expulsion rate of the device, and significant increase in haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels following LNG-IUS insertion, indicating effective treatment for HMB.

Descriptive Statistical Study of The Number of Cases of Gastrointestinal Ulcers in Dhi Qar Governorate for The Year 2024

Anwar Shaqi Ajil — 2025-03-25

Back ground: The importance of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) on a worldwide scale, highlighting its detrimental impacts on health and connections to elements like Helicobacter pylori infection and lifestyle choices. the necessity of preventative actions and all-encompassing management. This study is crucial to informing healthcare policy and activities in Dhi Qar since, despite international studies, there is still a dearth of understanding of PUD in the area. In order to provide information for clinical practices and public health initiatives, the study is to examine PUD prevalence, related factors, healthcare-seeking behavior, and awareness levels in the Dhi Qar population.

Methodology: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) prevalence and related factors in Dhi Qar were examined in this cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire that addressed the demographic criteria listed below. The sociodemographic attributes of age, gender, and place of residence. Clinical characteristics according to the location of the ulcer and infection with H. pylori. Behavioral factors or patients’ habits of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol.A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Hasani Teaching Hospital in Dhi Qar in the Endoscopy Department during the period from 2/1/2024 to 12/1/2024.Descriptive statistical study of the number of cases of gastrointestinal ulcers in Dhi Qar Governorate where the number of patients admitted to the endoscopy. Adults 18 years of age or older who complained of dyspepsia and had an endoscopic evaluation in the endoscopy unit were included in the study. The flat was 1772, and both men and women were involved.

Results: The number of patients admitted to the department was 1772, the number of patients with peptic ulcers according to medical history, tests and endoscopy results was 620 patients with peptic ulcers during this study. The prevalence of peptic ulcers was no statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of digestive system diseases based on Age (P=0.31), Residential area (P=0.6), f Sex (P=0.3). While tatistically significant differences were observed in the rates of digestive system diseases based on Reason for referral (P=0.01), Level of education(P=0.01).

According to studies, smoking is one of the most important risk factors for the occurrence of ulcers, and because the number of smokers is less in society, the same applies to alcohol. Statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of digestive system diseases based on Status of Smoking, Source of drinking water, Hand washing habit before eating and Teeth decay (P=0.01). While no statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of digestive system diseases based on Fast Food, Chips and cakes (P=0.3). gastritis more prevalent infection 28%, Duodenitis recorded that 26% and Gastric ulcer 22%, while the lowest Duodenal ulcer rate recorded that 21%.

Treatment of Torus Palatinus: An Overview

Diera Fitrah Kusumawardhany — 2025-04-09

Torus is a non-pathologic exostosis that develops from a localized cortical bone protrusion in the oral cavity. The prevalence of torus palatinus varies from 9% to 60% with predilection for females, with multifactorial etiology. Torus removal or torectomy procedures aim to restore orofacial physiologic function and/or allow placement of rehabilitative prosthetics without risk of harm. Surgical methods for torus removal include traditional methods that use burs, bone chisels, and mallets to remove the bone protrusion; laser surgery, particularly with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers, which are less invasive; and piezoelectric surgery, which uses ultrasonic vibrations to cut bone with high precision while protecting soft tissue and causing the least amount of damage to surrounding tissue.

The Role of Generative AI in Personalized Medicine and Treatment Recommendations

Sahil Garg — 2025-04-10

The advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of modern healthcare, particularly in the domain of personalized medicine. Unlike traditional AI models that focus solely on classification and prediction, generative AI models—such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), and transformer-based architectures like GPT—possess the unique ability to generate new, meaningful data. This capability has profound implications for precision medicine, where treatment decisions must be customized to individual patients based on their genetic makeup, medical history, lifestyle, and other heterogeneous data.

This paper explores the technical foundations and real-world applications of generative AI in personalized treatment planning, drug discovery, and synthetic data generation. It also presents a comparative analysis between conventional healthcare methods and AI-driven approaches, highlighting the superior speed, adaptability, and accuracy of the latter. Through an in-depth review of recent literature and case studies, we examine how generative models are being utilized to create virtual patients, design novel drug compounds, and simulate treatment outcomes with unprecedented precision.

Furthermore, we propose a conceptual pipeline for AI-assisted treatment recommendation systems, incorporating multimodal data integration and real-time inference. While the potential is immense, the deployment of generative AI in clinical settings also raises important challenges related to model interpretability, bias, data privacy, and regulatory compliance. This paper concludes by discussing these limitations and offering a forward-looking perspective on how generative AI can be responsibly and effectively integrated into personalized medicine workflows

The Role of Environmental Microbiota in Bioremediation: Harnessing Bacteria for Pollutant Degradation

Sandeep Singh — 2025-04-12

Environmental pollution, driven by industrialization, urban expansion, and agricultural practices, has become a critical global concern, threatening ecosystems and public health. Conventional remediation techniques—such as chemical treatment, incineration, and excavation—are often expensive, energy-intensive, and environmentally disruptive. In contrast, bioremediation, which involves the use of microorganisms to degrade or neutralize pollutants, offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative. Among the diverse microbial communities, environmental bacteria have emerged as key agents in this process due to their metabolic versatility and ability to adapt to a wide range of polluted environments.

This study explores the pivotal role of environmental microbiota, with a focus on bacterial strains, in the degradation of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated compounds, pesticides, and heavy metals. It provides a comprehensive review of bacterial mechanisms—including aerobic and anaerobic degradation, cometabolism, and biosorption—and highlights how specific bacterial species are tailored to target particular contaminants. A comparative table is presented to illustrate the functional relationships between bacteria and pollutant types, while a graph visualizes the degradation efficiency of selected bacterial strains over time.

Real-world case studies—such as the microbial response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the degradation of industrial solvents—demonstrate the practical applications of bacterial bioremediation. While the approach offers numerous advantages, including ecological safety and scalability, it also faces challenges such as variability in microbial performance and site-specific limitations.

This paper concludes by emphasizing the potential of integrating microbial bioremediation with modern biotechnological tools like synthetic biology and metagenomics to enhance pollutant degradation. These strategies could lead to more robust, targeted, and efficient remediation processes in the future.

Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies In Pediatric Populations: Prevalence, Diagnostic Insights, And Regional Patterns

Dr Smita Hiras Sudke — 2025-04-14

Thalassemia and related hemoglobinopathies are inherited disorders affecting hemoglobin production, leading to anemia and other health complications. The average prevalence of β thalassemia trait in India is 3-4% which is 42 million carriers of 121 billion people. This study examines the distribution of hemoglobinopathies among 19,935 pediatric cases across various regions in India, highlighting the importance of early screening and targeted interventions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized for accurate detection of hemoglobin variants, with findings showing significant regional and demographic differences in disease prevalence.Maximum positivity was seen in children between 4-9 yrs (69.78%), the percentage of positivity seen among infants <1 yr was also significant (28.50%). These prevalence trends seen in Indian paediatric population suggest that prenatal screening should be mandated for the high-risk groups.

Is Fatty Liver the Last Nail in The Coffin for Central Pontine Myelinolysis? A Case Report and Literature Review

Mohamed H Ahmed — 2025-04-17

We report a case of a 45-year-old male admitted with recurrent falls, melaena, abdominal pain, vomiting, deranged electrolytes, and a low heamoglobin. He has a complex past medical history, including a lung abscess, alcohol abuse, a history of falls, cholecystitis, duodenal ulcer, duodenitis, epilepsy, folate deficiency, an ankle fracture, gallstones, a history of anoxic brain injury, and pancreatitis. His medications include lamotrigine, losartan, quetiapine, omeprazole, and venlafaxine MR. The patient's history reveals excessive alcohol intake, malnutrition, and smoking. Ultrasound showed the presence of diffuse fatty liver and gallstones. He developed left-sided weakness, which was not present before. MRI of the head revealed a classic trident appearance in the pons, consistent with post-motor demyelination/pontine myelinolysis. It was noted that a few days prior to the MRI, the patient had been treated for mild hyponatraemia, and 10 days before, he had been noted to have mild hypernatremia. In this case report, we demonstrate how fatty liver can be associated with an increased risk of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM).

Next-Gen Magnetocaloric Cooling: Mnfepsi Nanoparticles for Compact and Sustainable MCHP Systems

Shad Abdelmoumen Serroune — 2025-04-24

This study introduces a groundbreaking magnetocaloric heat pump (MCHP) system that replaces traditional rare earth-dependent fixed-bed regenerators with a MnFePSi nanoparticle slurry (50 nm, 10% vol.), achieving simultaneous refrigerant and heat transfer functions. Experimental evaluations under controlled conditions (23°C ±0.2°C, 10 K span) demonstrate a 14.6% improvement in coefficient of performance (COP), 33.4% higher specific power density, and 24.8% system mass reduction compared to conventional gadolinium-based systems. The slurry’s non-Newtonian rheology enables rapid thermal response (56.3% faster) and exceptional temperature uniformity (±0.8°C), while operating at frequencies up to 7.6 Hz.

Key innovations include a proprietary experimental platform integrating real-time spin-state monitoring, nano-Hall magnetic field mapping, and coupled CFD-ML modeling. Extended stability tests reveal minimal performance degradation (1.3% COP reduction over 48 hours) and negligible nanoparticle agglomeration (<2%). The complete elimination of rare earth elements reduces lifecycle environmental impact by 60%, addressing critical sustainability challenges in cooling technology.

These results establish the first practical demonstration of a rare-earth-free magnetocaloric cooling system with superior efficiency, scalability, and material utilization—setting a new benchmark for sustainable thermal management solutions. The technology’s compact design and enhanced heat transfer coefficients (22% improvement over fixed beds) position it as a transformative approach for next-generation refrigeration, air conditioning, and waste heat recovery applications.