Since the beginning of the pandemic, the author knew that the only possible medications that could be given to patients who were being treating for COVID-19 were highly diluted medications such as homeopathies. [1]

A study was carried out for a period 8 months from March 2020 to October 2020 to observe the health status of cultured catla (Gibelion catla) in three Upazilas viz., Khagrachari Sadar, Ramgarh and Mahalchari upazila of Khagrachari district through clinical procedures. Data were collected through personal contact, sampling, questionnaire interview and discussions with key informants. Clinically, Fish from Vhaibonchara and Perachara at Khagrachari Sadar Upazila, Patachara at Ramgarh Upazila were found to be healthy during summer. During rainy season, catla of Mahalchari Upazila were affected with dropsy like clinical signs where major signs were swollen of abdomen, removal of scales and superficial injury. Tail and fin rot affected catla were collected from Ramgarh Upazila having erosion of fins and tail and the presence of white spots in fin and tail region. Cultured catla in rainy season were more affected than those of summer season. However, catla of summer season had reduced clinical changes than those of rainy season. From clinical and pathological point of view healthy catla were noticed in summer and moderately infected in rainy season. It could be mentioned that production and health status of catla were increased in summer season of Khagrachari Sadar area compared with other areas and season. During the study period water temperature were ranged between 23°C to 35°C in summer and 23°C in rainy season. The highest pH was 8.2 ± 0.20 recorded from Mobachari of Mahalchari in summer and the lowest was 6.5 ± 0.25 from the Perachara of Khagrachari Sadar Upazila. Thus necessary measures need to be taken especially during rainy season.

Background: On the first of June, 2021, the total number of the registered cases of covid-19 by the Iraqi Ministry of Health was 1,201,352 , and the total number of deaths was 16375 patients. The aim of this paper is to describe chest CT-scan findings of an Iraqi patient who was observed early during June, 2021, and had symptomatic covid-19, but he didn’t need hospitalization.

Patients and methods: A forty-year old school teacher developed covid-19 disease with fever, fatigue, anorexia, and cough. The patient recovered after about two weeks.

Results: Chest CT-scan performed during first week of illness showed:                                      

(1) Multiple bilateral ground glass opacities.

(2) Atelectatic bands.

(3) Thickening of the interlobular septa.

(4) Vascular thickening.

Conclusion: The chest CT-scan findings in this Iraqi patient was rather typical of covid-19 disease and included the most commonly reported abnormality of ground-glass shadows

Background: Mucormycosis, a rare, but severe angio-invasive disease that can have a catastrophic or fatal outcome. It is an opportunistic infection that has been mostly reported in immunocompromized and diabetic patients, and it commonly begins by invading the respiratory tract. The aim of this paper is to document the emergence of mucormycosis as a dangerous complication of covid-19 in Iraq and many countries in the world.

Materials and methods: On the first of June, 1,201,352 cases of covid-19 were reported by the Iraqi Ministry of Health, and 16375 patients died because of the disease. During, the first week of June, 2021, the death of Iraqi three patients having covid-19 disease complicated by mucormycosis was reported.  At least 140 patients with covid-19 disease complicated by mucormycosis have been reported throughout the world including 100 patients from India, 18 patients from Iran, 11 patients from Turkey, 7 patients from the United States of America, 6 patients from Egypt, 2 patients from Spain, and one patient from each of the following countries, Brazil, Italy, Austria, France, Mexico, UK, and the United Kingdom. Most patients were males and the disease was documented in sixteen females.

Results: Sino/rhino-orbital mucormycosis with or without cerebral involvement was the most commonly reported type including 87 patients. Pulmonary mucormycosis was the second most common type, and was reported in five patients. Catastrophic outcome occurred in nineteen patients including patients ending with orbital exenteration in patients (14), and patients developed irreversible loss of vision (5). Forty patients with covid-19 with mucormycosis died including, 15 patients from India, eight patients from Iran, seven from Turkey, four deaths from USA, two deaths from Egypt, on death from Brazil, one death from Austria, one death from Mexico, and one death from the United Kingdom.

Conclusions: Mucormycosis is a rare disease that is generally associated with diagnostic difficulty and delay, high morbidity, catastrophic outcome, and mortality. Diabetes mellitus and use of corticosteroids increase the risk of the development of invasive mucormycosis which may appear during the course of the covid-19, or appear as a later complication. Hyperglycemia induced impaired chemotaxis and phagocytosis of neutrophils, steroid-induced immunosuppression, and covid-19 induced immune dysregulation associated with decreased numbers of T lymphocytes, CD8+T, and CD4+T cells were considered the important factors that led to the emergence of invasive mucormycosis as a catastrophic and fatal complication of covid-19 disease. Mucormycosis can be rapidly progressive, requiring immediate surgical and medical interventions.  High index of suspicion can contribute to making an early diagnosis, and providing early aggressive management which can improve survival. Upon suspicion of mucormycosis appropriate imaging is advised to determine extent of disease.  First-line treatment is generally including the use of a high-dose liposomal amphotericin B. Other antifungal drugs that have been used include isavuconazole and posaconazole.

Sociologically speaking, to a large extent, social work can solve the existing and even the potential problems within the youth. Thus, the growing young population needs help from social work in the current changing world. Youth being a source of inspiration, quick receivers and urgent transmitters, they are sources of development and change in any area as well. Young people being subject to change, they are highly in need of counseling/ social work. Youth helpers often work in youth organizations, youth centers and the like^___ helping  boys or girls. Such centers are there in developed countries, whereas the developing countries are usually deprived of it. Such schemes explore, identify, and reinforce the specific abilities and capacities of young people. Therefore, launching youth study projects would eventually affect local and regional development as well. As Social work has received little attention in less developed countries, many young people feel weak or deficient in various ways. However, the lack of involvement of social workers/ counselors in such situations, causes young people feeling and facing a variety of abuses.

Introduction: congenital radioulnar synostosis is an uncommon congenital anomaly, thatcauses a limitation of the forearm supination, often bilateral. The origin of this anomaly occurs when the differentiation of the cartilaginous contour of the radius and ulna does not take place during the embryonic period.

Objective:to show two congenital radioulnar sinostosis cases analyzing variable about the topic.

Case report:there are two different types of synostosis. In these cases the symptoms are mild because the compensate thein limitation in pronosupinationwith hypermobility of other joints of the upper limb. X-rays of upper limbs are the diagnostic procedures. The management will be conservative, but the treatment depends on the degree of functionality of the forearm.

Conclusions:proximal radioulnarsynostosis is anon frequent affection, that brings about difficulties carrying out  actions with the hands, Its diagnosis is relatively simple by means of the clinical findings andplain X-rays of  the elbow.